Thaum tib neeg xav txog kev tswj cov khib nyiab pov tseg, lawv yuav koom nrog cov khib nyiab pov tseg hauv qhov chaw pov tseg lossis hlawv. Thaum cov dej num no suav nrog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem, ntau lub ntsiab lus tau koom nrog hauv kev tsim kom muaj kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov khoom pov tseg zoo tshaj plaws (ISWM). Piv txwv li, cov txheej txheem kev kho mob ua kom txo qhov ntim thiab toxicity ntawm cov khoom pov tseg. Cov kauj ruam no tuaj yeem hloov nws mus rau hauv daim ntawv yooj yim dua rau kev pov tseg. Txoj kev kho thiab pov tseg pov tseg raug xaiv thiab siv raws li daim ntawv, muaj pes tsawg leeg, thiab kom muaj nuj nqis ntawm cov khoom pov tseg.
Nov yog cov kev kho cov khib nyiab loj thiab pov tseg:
Kev kho cua sov
Thermal khib nyiab yog hais txog cov txheej txheem uas siv cov cua sov los kho cov khoom pov tseg. Hauv qab no yog qee qhov feem ntau siv cov txheej txheem thermal pov tseg:
Incineration yog ib qho kev kho cov khib nyiab ntau tshaj plaws. Txoj hauv kev no suav nrog kev combustion ntawm cov khoom pov tseg hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm oxygen. Txoj kev kho cua sov no feem ntau yog siv los ua ib txoj hauv kev rov qab los rau hluav taws xob lossis cua sov. Txoj kev no muaj ntau yam zoo. Nws sai txo qhov ntim pov tseg, txo cov nqi tsheb thauj mus los thiab txo cov pa phem hauv tsev cog khoom.
Gasification thiab Pyrolysis yog ob txoj hauv kev zoo sib xws, ob qho tib si uas decompose cov ntaub ntawv pov tseg organic los ntawm kev nthuav tawm cov khoom pov tseg kom tsawg cov pa oxygen thiab kub heev. Pyrolysis siv tsis muaj oxygen kiag li thaum gasification tso cai rau cov pa oxygen tsawg heev hauv cov txheej txheem. Gasification yog qhov zoo dua vim nws tso cai rau cov txheej txheem hlawv kom rov qab tau lub zog yam tsis ua rau huab cua muaj kuab paug.
Qhib Hlawv yog ib qho kev kho cua sov qub qub uas ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau ib puag ncig. Cov incinerators siv nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem no tsis muaj kuab paug tswj cov cuab yeej. Lawv tso cov tshuaj xws li hexachlorobenzene, dioxins, carbon monoxide, cov teeb meem me me, cov khoom tsis muaj zog, cov tshuaj muaj suab thaj polycyclic, thiab cov hmoov tshauv. Hmoov tsis zoo, txoj kev no tseem siv tau los ntawm ntau lub nroog cov tub ceev xwm thoob ntiaj teb, vim nws muaj cov tshuaj pheej yig rau cov khoom pov tseg.
Dumps thiab Landfills
Sanitary landfills muab cov khoom siv pov tseg ntau tshaj plaws. Cov chaw pov tseg no xav kom tshem tawm lossis txo cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm ib puag ncig lossis kev noj qab haus huv rau pej xeem vim muaj pov tseg. Cov chaw no yog nyob qhov twg cov av nta ua haujlwm raws li ntuj buffers ntawm ib puag ncig thiab qhov chaw pov tseg. Piv txwv li, thaj chaw pov tseg tuaj yeem muaj cov av nplaum av uas tiv taus cov khoom pov tseg uas muaj kev phom sij lossis muaj qhov tsis muaj dej hauv lub cev lossis lub rooj dej qis, tiv thaiv kev pheej hmoo ntawm dej paug. Kev siv cov khib nyiab tsis huv ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm kev noj qab haus huv thiab ib puag ncig, tab sis tus nqi ntawm kev tsim cov chaw pov tseg no yog qhov sib piv ntau dua li lwm txoj kev pov tseg pov tseg.
Cov pov tseg tswj tau ntau dua los yog tsawg dua ib yam li cov chaw pov tseg huv. Cov pob pov tseg no ua raws li ntau qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom huv si pov tseg tab sis yuav tsis muaj ib lossis ob qho. Cov khib nyiab zoo li no yuav muaj peev xwm npaj tau zoo tab sis tsis muaj kev npaj ntawm tes. Tej zaum yuav tsis muaj lossis tsis muaj kev tswj hwm roj ib nrab, khaws cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim, lossis npog tsis tu ncua.
Bioreactor landfills yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tshawb fawb thev naus laus zis tsis ntev los no. Cov chaw pov tseg no siv cov txheej txheem microbiological zoo dua los ua kom cov khib nyiab decomposition. Cov kev tswj hwm yog qhov txuas ntxiv ntawm cov kua los txhawb kev pom dej kom zoo rau kev zom zaub mov microbial. Cov kua yog ntxiv los ntawm re-circulating lub pov tseg leachate. Thaum cov kua dej tsis txaus, cov dej khib nyiab xws li cov dej phwj tuaj yog siv.
Bioremediation
Bioremediation siv cov kab mob ua kom tawg thiab tshem tawm cov pa phem los ntawm cov av tsis huv lossis dej. Nws yog feem ntau ua haujlwm rau kev kho cov roj nchuav, cov dej khib nyiab hauv kev lag luam, thiab lwm yam kev ua qias tuaj.Common rau cov chaw muaj kab mob thiab qee yam kev puas tsuaj.
Composting yog lwm feem ntau siv pov tseg pov tseg los yog txoj kev kho mob uas yog tswj aerobic decomposition ntawm organic pov tseg cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm kev ua ntawm me me invertebrates thiab microorganisms. Feem ntau cov txheej txheem composting muaj xws li static pile composting, vermin-composting, windrow composting thiab hauv lub nkoj composting.
Anaerobic Digestion kuj tseem siv cov txheej txheem lom neeg kom decompose cov ntaub ntawv organic. Anaerobic Digestion, txawm li cas los xij, siv qhov chaw tsis muaj oxygen thiab cov kab mob kom decompose cov khoom pov tseg qhov twg composting yuav tsum muaj huab cua kom muaj kev loj hlob ntawm microbes.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum xav txog cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom pov tseg, cov kev cai ib puag ncig, thiab cov xwm txheej hauv zos thaum xaiv cov kev kho thiab pov tseg uas tsim nyog. Kev sib koom ua ke kev tswj cov khib nyiab uas sib xyaw ua ke ntau txoj hauv kev feem ntau yog ua haujlwm los daws cov dej khib nyiab ntau yam zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev paub txog pej xeem thiab kev koom tes hauv kev txo cov pov tseg thiab rov ua dua tshiab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj cov khib nyiab kom ruaj khov.
Post lub sij hawm: Dec-20-2023